Veterinarian
Overview
A veterinarian is a medical professional who looks after the health and wellbeing of animals. They diagnose and treat animals dealing with different kinds of ailments or diseases. Further specializations in animal surgery is a popular option for veterinarians. They also provide guidance to owners regarding the proper care of pets and livestock. Their services and research in the field plays a critical role in environment preservation, food safety and public health. Veterinarians can practice in different settings such as private clinics, teaching, research, government service, public health, military service to name a few.Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are:- Domestic Animal Veterinarian: They treat pets and generally work in private clinics and hospitals. They diagnose and provide medical as well as surgical treatment to animals. Giving vaccinations, performing dental work and setting fractures are some examples of the kind of treatments that they provide.
- Food Safety & Inspection: Experts in this line of work inspect and test livestock and animal products for diseases, provide vaccines to treat animals, enhance animal welfare, conduct research to improve animal health and enforce government food safety regulations.
- Research: These professionals work in laboratories, conducting clinical research on animal health issues. They may also research on how to prevent, control and eliminate food and animal borne diseases.
- Equine Veterinarian: Theyare animal doctors who provide medical care specifically to horses.
- Livestock Veterinarian: They work primarily with farm animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep and other livestock. They provide guidance to owners or managers about feeding, housing and health care practices in order to uplift the well being of animals.
Roles & Responsibilities
Certain duties attached to this field are:- Examine animals to diagnose their health problems.
- Treat animals suffering from injury or disease by devising a course of treatment.
- Prescribe medication and perform surgical procedures if the need arises.
- Treat and dress wounds on a regular basis.
- Test for and vaccinate against diseases.
- Euthanize animals if the need be.
- Operate medical equipment such as x-ray and ultrasound machines.
- Advice animal owners about general care, routine vaccines, medical conditions and treatments.
- Inspect the living spaces and enclosures of animals to prevent breakout of diseases.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field:- Veterinarians must be compassionate when working with animals and their owners.
- Good decision making and problem solving skills in order to determine the appropriate course of treatment.
- Strong communication skills are essential as they need to able to discuss recommendations and explain treatment options.
- Scientific temper, inquisitive mind and willingness to work hard.
- Good observation skills.
- Self-reliant and adaptable in nature.
- Manual dexterity is especially essential for professionals conducting surgery or treating injured animals.
- Adequate managerial skills to successfully run private clinics, laboratories or direct teams of technicians/assistants.
How to get there
Graduation:- Eligibility: Pass 12th standard with PCB (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)
- Entrance exam: Veterinary Council of India conducts All India Pre Veterinary Test (AIPVT) for admission to Bachelor of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc& AH).
- Duration: 5 years
- Eligibility: Bachelor’s degree in Veterinary Science
- Entrance Exam: Merit based or entrance exam (college specific)
- Duration: 5 years
Bachelor’s courses:
- Bachelor of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc& AH)
- BV. Sc. in Animal Genetics and Breeding
- BV. Sc. in Animal Production & Management
- BV. Sc. in Veterinary Surgery & Radiology
- BV. Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Public Health & Hygiene
- Master of Veterinary Science (M.V.Sc)
- MV. Sc in Veterinary Medicine
- MV. Sc in Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology
- MV. Sc in Veterinary Surgery & Radiology
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Veterinary Medicine
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Veterinary Pathology
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology
Physiotherapy
Overview
Physiotherapy can be defined as a treatment method that addresses underlying physical ailment by focusing on the science of movement through exercise or massage in order to help people restore, maintain and maximize their physical strength, movement, functionality, and overall well-being. They are trained health professionals who provide treatment to people suffering from different kinds of ailments caused by disease, injury, aging, etc. They help their patients deal with challenges that they face on a daily basis post an injury, illness, or surgery by customizing their treatment plans to meet specific needs. One of their primary focus areas is providing pain management services to patients and improve their overall quality of life. With people turning to more natural forms of treatments, physiotherapy has gained immense popularity in recent years. Given below are various fields under physiotherapy:- Neurological: It is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system like brain injury, spinal cord injuries, and stroke.
- Cardiopulmonary: Cardiopulmonary disease is the medical term used to describe a range of disorders that affect the lungs and heart.
- Vestibular Rehabilitation: It is a specialized form of physical therapy used to treat vestibular disorders characterized by symptoms such as vertigo, dizziness, incorrect body posture, balance, or vision.
- Orthopaedic: Orthopaedic is devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disorders of the ligaments, bones, joints, tendons, and muscles.
- Geriatric: They specialize in therapy for osteoporosis, arthritis, joint pains, and other problems commonly faced by people of older ages.
- Intensive Care: They work in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) providing assistance or rehabilitation for critically ill patients.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are:- Sports therapist
- The animal physiotherapist (specialization)
- Academician
- Physiotherapist
- Personal trainer
- Acupuncturist
- Chiropractor
- Dance movement psychotherapist
Roles & Responsibilities
Certain duties attached to this field are:- Take the medical history of new patients and perform physical examinations if needed.
- Make a provisional diagnosis for patients.
- Devise a treatment plan for patients based on their requirements.
- Conduct regular therapy sessions with patients.
- Use techniques such as nerve stimulation, ultrasound therapy, electrotherapy, etc.
- Massage tissues, manipulate joints, and provide hot/cold stimulation to patients.
- Evolve and change the treatment plan in accordance with the patient’s response to therapy.
- Maintain patient records about the treatments given and progress made.
- Educate patients and family to prevent injuries and help them lead a healthy lifestyle.
- Plan and conduct community fitness programs.
- Keep up with the latest advancements in the field and refine one’s skill set.
Desired Attributes
Given below are the desired qualities for professionals in this field:- Have a positive, friendly, and empathetic attitude towards patients.
- Good interpersonal skills to establish a rapport with patients and their families.
- Excellent communication skills are a must to convey treatment methods.
- The ability to work well under pressure and manage time effectively.
- Should have patience, tolerance, and sensitivity in dealing with others.
- Adequate organizational and administrative skills.
- Need to be a team player in order to provide well-rounded health care services to patients.
How to get there
- Clear 12th standard in science stream (PCB) with 50% aggregate overall
- ClearCommon Entrance Test (CET)
- B. in Physiotherapy – 3-4 years (6 months internship)or
- Diploma in Physiotherapy – 2 years
Pharmacy
Overview
Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs. As a profession it links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. It is an interdisciplinary field which borrows from other disciplines such as pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry and forensics. Pharmacists are primarily the experts on drug therapy who ensure that patients do not consume the wrong medication or wrong dosage of medication. They dispense prescription medications to patients and offer expertise in the safe use of prescriptions. They may also advise patients on diet, exercise, stress management, adverse effect of wrong dosage of medication, immunizations and conduct health and wellness screenings. They are indispensable as health care professionals in ensuring the smooth running of the healthcare system in a society.Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are:- Industrial Pharmacist: They work in pharmaceutical companies where they help to develop safe and effective new drugs to be sold in the market.
- Consultant Pharmacist: They advise healthcare facilities or insurance providers on patient medication use or improving pharmacy services. They may also give advice directly to patients as well.
- Hospital Pharmacist: These professionals work closely with doctors and are responsible for ordering, quality testing, storing and security of drugs and medicines in hospitals. They must also ensure an adequate supply of medicine.
- Retail or Community Pharmacist: They supply prescribed and over-the-counter medicines to the general public in a retail pharmacy and give advice to customers on the safe use of medicines and their possible side effects.
- Government agencies: Pharmacists working with a governmental agency engage in a wide range of tasks such as biomedical and epidemiological research, reviewing new drug applications, developing and administering new health care policy.
- Nuclear Pharmacy: Nuclear pharmacists compound and dispense radiopharmaceuticals for use in medical procedures.
Roles & Responsibilities
Certain duties attached to this field are:- Prepare medications by reviewing and interpreting physician prescriptions.
- Instruct patients on how to and when to take a prescribed medicine.
- Inform them about potential side effects from taking the medicine.
- Oversee the work of pharmacy technicians and pharmacists in training.
- Teach other healthcare practitioners about proper medication therapies for patients.
- Give flu shots and other vaccinations if the need arises.
- Dispense medications by compounding, packaging and labelling pharmaceuticals.
- Protect patients and technicians by adhering to infection-control protocols.
- Maintain safe and clean working environment by complying with procedures, rules, and regulations.
- Maintain pharmacological knowledge by attending educational workshops and reviewing professional publications.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field:- Patient, reassuring and compassionate in patient dealings.
- Need to be able to function well in a team setup.
- Good maths and science skills depending on the nature of work.
- Good analytical and communication skills.
- Ability to pay attention to detail.
- Adequate organisational and managerial skills.
How to get there
Path 1:- Clear 12th standard in science stream PCM /B (minimum of 50% marks)
- B.Pharma- 4 years
- Clear entrance exam – GPat
- M.Pharm – 2 years
- PhD (pharmacy) – 2 years
- Pharmacist Assistant
- Clear 12th standard in science stream PCM /B (minimum of 50% marks)
- Pharm. D – 6 years
- Pharmacist Assistant
- Clear 12th standard in science stream PCM /B (minimum of 50% marks)
- Diploma: D. Pharm – 2 years
- Pharmacist Assistant
Paramedical & Allied Health Sciences.
Overview
Paramedical science is an integral part of the healthcare system that runs parallel to the conventional medical practices within the country. They work in tandem with other healthcare service providers such as nurses, doctors, surgeons etc by providing a range of diagnostic, technical, therapeutic and direct patient care and support services. ‘Paramedic’ services are primarily those services which are provided outside of a hospital on an urgent basis. Paramedics are health-care workers who provide clinical services to patients under the supervision of a physician. They perform a variety of tasks such as taking of blood samples, administering injections, suturing wounds etc. Allied health professionals on the other hand are specially trained individuals (who are not physicians, nurses or dentists) who use scientific principles and evidence-based practice for the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and chronic diseases. They promote disease prevention and wellness, and apply administration and management skills to support health care systems in a variety of settings.Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are:Audiology and Speech Therapy: Audiology is the science of hearing, balance and related disorders. Speech therapy is used in the treatment of speech disorders.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | After post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | Bachelor of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology - 4 years (3 years study + 1 year internship) | MASLP in Master of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology - 2 years | Doctor of Philosophy in Audiology (Ph.D.) - 3-5 years |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | B.Sc. in Audiology - 3 years | M.Sc. in Audiology - 2 years | Doctor of Philosophy in Audiology (Ph.D.) - 3-5 years |
| Path 3 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | Diploma in Audiology and Speech Rehabilitation - 1-2 years or Pursue B.Sc. in Audiology and Speech Rehabilitation - 3 years or PG Diploma in Audiology and Speech Rehabilitation | Pursue M.Sc. in Audiology and Speech Rehabilitation - 2 years | Doctor of Philosophy in Audiology (Ph.D.) - 3-5 years |
Dental Hygienist and Ceramists: Dental hygienists clean teeth, examine patients for signs of oral diseases and provide other preventive dental care to clients. A dental ceramist is a person who creates dental prosthetics for patients. These prosthetics can include bridgework, crowns and dentures.Dentists, dental hygienists and dental ceramists work together to meet the oral health needs of patients.
How to get there
| Stream | Graduation |
|---|---|
| Clear 12th standard in science stream | Diploma Dental Hygienist -2 years or Certificate Course Dental Hygienist and Dental Ceramics |
Dialysis Therapist: Dialysis is the artificial process of eliminating waste (diffusion) and unwanted water (ultrafiltration) from the blood. A therapist is an expert in conducting dialysis for patients.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | B.Sc. Dialysis Therapy | M.Sc. Dialysis Therapy |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | B.Sc. Dialysis Technology | M.Sc. Dialysis Technology |
| Path 3 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | B.Sc. Renal Dialysis Technology | M.Sc. Renal Science and Dialysis Technology/ M.Sc. Renal Replacement Therapy and Dialysis Technology |
Medical Laboratory Technician: Medical Laboratory Technicians perform tests to identify abnormalities in samples of blood, urine, sputum, stool etc to help physicians make a diagnosis and provide treatment to patients.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in Medical Lab Technology - 3 Years | M.Sc. in Medical Lab Technology - 2 years |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology (BMLT) in Medical Lab Technology - 3 years | (MMLT) Masters in Medical Lab Technology - 2 years |
| Path 3 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in Medical Lab Technology - 3 Years | Post Graduate Diploma in Medical Lab Technology - 1-2 years |
Nursing: Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of patients, mostly in hospitals. They meet the day to day needs of patients and ensure that treatment is provided to them as directed by doctors.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. Nursing - 4 years | M.Sc. in Nursing - 2 years. |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) - 3.5 years | - |
| Path 3 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Pursue Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery (ANM) - 1.5 years | - |
Occupational Therapist: Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants design purposeful activity or programs to promote health, deal with injury or disability. They work with clients on a one-to-one basis and design treatment programs to suit each person’s needs and lifestyle.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | After post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Bachelor in Occupational Therapy- 4.5 years (4 years study + 6 months internship) | Masters in Occupational Therapy- 2-3 years | Doctorate in Occupational Therapy - 1 years |
Optometrist: Optometrist is a primary health care provider that specializes in eye care and visual health. They examine, diagnose, treat and manage diseases, injuries, and disorders of the visual system, the eye and associated structures.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | After post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Bachelors in Optometry (B.Optom.) - 4 years (3 years study + 1 year internship) | M.Optom. - 2 years | Doctorate in Optometry (O.D) - 2 years |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. Optometry - 3 years | M.Sc. - 2 years | Doctorate in Optometry (O.D) - 2 years |
| Path 3 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Diploma in Ophthalmic Assistance / Ophthalmic Technology - 2 years | Post Graduate Diploma - 2 years or B.Optom- 2 years (direct admission in 3rd year) | - |
Physiotherapist: A physiotherapist helps patients deal with physical problems caused by illness, injury or aging.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | Phlebotomy Technician course (6 months) | - |
Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineer: They deal with the rehabilitation of physically handicapped individuals who suffer from limb malfunctions, abnormalities, absence or loss of limbs or any other body parts.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | After Education | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Bachelors in Prosthetics and Orthotics - 4.5 years | Masters in Prosthetics and Orthotics | Registration with Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | Diploma in Prosthetics and Orthotics - 2 years | - | Registration with Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) |
| Path 3 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (PCMB) | BSc Prosthetics and Orthotics - 4 years (6 month compulsory training in Prosthetics and Orthotics) | - | - |
Respiratory Therapist: A respiratory therapist is a specialized healthcare practitioner trained in pulmonary medicine in order to work therapeutically with people suffering from pulmonary disease.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in Respiratory Therapy | M.Sc. in Respiratory Therapy |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in Respiratory Therapy | Post-graduate Diploma in Respiratory Therapy or Respiratory Technology |
Cardiovascular Technologist: Cardiovascular technologists operate different kinds of equipment such as ECG machines, which help in testing or treating cardiovascular ailments.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in CardioVascular Technology | M.Sc. in CardioVascular Technology |
Anaesthesia Technologist: Their main task is to assist Doctors/Surgeons during surgery, by administering an appropriate dose of anaesthesia and operating anaesthesia equipment whenever required.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in Anaesthesia Technology | M.Sc. in Anaesthesia Technology |
Neuro Electrophysiologist: Neurotechnologist assess patients, devise treatment plans and electrophysiology procedures.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | B.Sc. in Neuro Electro Physiology | M.Sc. in Neuro Electro Physiology |
Medical Radiologic Technologist: Radiologic technologists are the health care professionals who perform diagnostic imaging procedures, such as X-ray examinations, (MRI) scans and computed tomography (CT) scans.
How to get there
| Stream | Under Graduation | Post Graduation | After Post Graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. Radiology - 3 years | M.sc Radiotherapy / Radio-diagnosis - 2-3 years | Ph.D- 4-5 years |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. Radiology - 3 years | Diploma/PG Diploma in Radiotherapy / Radio-diagnosis - 2 years | - |
Operation Theatre Technician: Their main task is to assist doctors and surgeons during surgery or emergency procedures. They work in Operation Theatres of hospitals, Intensive Care as well as Emergency Units.
How to get there
| Stream | Under Graduation | Post Graduation | After Post Graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. Surgical Technology - 3 years | M.sc Surgical Technology - 2-3 years | Pursue Allied Health Care Programs |
| Path 2 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. Surgical Technology - 3 years | Diploma/ Certificate Courses in Surgical Technology - 2 years |
Emergency Medical Technologist: They provide immediate emergency care for sick and injured people at the scene before patients are transported to the hospital for further care.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Under-graduation Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream | B.Sc. in Emergency Medical Technology | M.Sc. in Emergency Medical Technology |
Nuclear Medicine Technologist : A nuclear medicine technologists are in charge of preparing and administering radioactive drugs to patients for imaging and therapy purposes. They work in collaboration with physicians and other professionals for diagnosing and treatment of the patients.
How to get there
| Stream | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (Biology) | B.Sc. in Nuclear Medicine Technology | M.Sc. in Nuclear Medicine Technology |
Medical Record Technician: Medical records technicians are involved in coding, analyzing and preserving patients’ medical records and compiling reports, disease indices and statistics in health care institutions.
How to get there
| Eligibility | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard | B.Sc in Medical Record Technology | PG Diploma in Medical Record Techniques (PGDMRT) |
Music Therapist: Music therapist uses different kinds of sounds in combinations to address health grievances and improve overall well being of an individual.
How to get there
| Eligibility | Under-graduation | Post-graduation | After Post graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 10th standard | Any under graduation course, followed by Certificate course in Music therapy | - | - |
| Path | Clear 10th standard | Any under graduation course | Any post graduate course | Post graduate diploma in Music Therapy |
| Clear 10th standard | Any under graduation course | Any post graduate course | Certificate course in Music Therapy |
Physician Assistant: Physician assistants help the primary physicians in conducting physical examinations, diagnosing, ordering and interpreting tests, counseling patients, surgery etc.
How to get there
| Stream | Graduation | Post-graduation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path 1 | Clear 12th standard in science stream (PCM/B) | Bsc Physician Assistant |
Roles & Responsibilities
Duties to be performed on a daily basis depend on one’s specialisation and nature of work. Certain duties attached to this field are:- Provide optimal patient care and satisfaction.
- Assist other physicians and professionals to ensure well rounded healthcare services are provided.
- Provide direct patient care in virtually every speciality and support in clinical laboratories.
- Offer rehabilitation services to patients depending on their treatment plan.
- Help to develop the educational programs in hospitals and lend research support for illustrating medical textbooks.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field:- High levels of empathy and self-motivation.
- Be an active listener.
- Have strong communication skills to explain complex terminology to patients in plain language.
- Ability to react quickly and take efficient decisions in emergency situations.
- Resilient in their day to day functioning.
- High ethical and moral standards of functioning.
- Ability to multitask well.
- Good interpersonal and team player skills.
- Manage time well and adapt to changing work environment or treatments.
- Hunger to keep on improving one’s skill set.
Medicine
Overview
Medicine as a profession aims at protecting, promoting and restoring good health with a focus on identifying, diagnosing and treating illnesses using scientific and highly specialised knowledge. Patient treatment and care forms the core of this field. A medical professional is a qualified doctor who treats a patient depending on his/her specialisation and skillset. It is one of the most sort out professions by individuals with an interest in science. It is a highly competitive field which requires rigorous training at the graduate, postgraduate and doctorate level. However, it is a highly respected profession where job satisfaction is immensely high. Medical professionals are entrusted with the task of saving human lives and improving one’s standard of health. Doctors work in different setting such as private/government hospitals, community clinics, medical colleges, research centres or have a private practice. It is an ever evolving field with new discoveries being made everyday aimed to provide high standards of medical care to people.Job Prospects
There are numerous specializations within the field. Hence, the prospective job depends on one’s area of specialization. Some of them are as follows:- Allergist or Immunologist: He/she diagnosis and treats patients suffering from different kind of allergies.
- Anesthesiologist: They are professionals who treat chronic pain syndromes and administer anesthesia during surgery while monitoring the patient.
- Audiologist: They are healthcare professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss and balance disorders in adults and children.
- Cardiologist: Specialises in diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
- Dentist: Dentists help their patients protect, restore and maintain their oral health by diagnosing and treating injuries and malformations in the teeth and other oral health issues.
- Dental Hygienist: Dental hygienists primarily clean teeth, examine patients for signs of oral diseases and provide other preventive dental care.
- Dermatologist: Professional who diagnoses and treats diseases of the skin, hair and nails.
- Electrologist: They permanently remove unwanted hair from the face and body of their clients.
- Endodontist: The are dental specialists dealing with issues related to the dental pulp.
- Gastroenterologist: They diagnose and treat conditions that affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon) and biliary system (liver, pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts).
- Gynecologist: They deal with issues related to the female reproductive system.
- Hematologist: They treat diseases of the blood, blood-forming organs and tissues.
- Internal Medicine physician: Professionals who treats diseases and disorders of internal structures of the body.
- Immunohematologist: They perform medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.
- Nephrologist: Doctors who treat kidney diseases.
- Neurologist: He/she is a medical professional who treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
- Neurosurgeon: A neurosurgeon performs surgeries related to the nervous system of the body.
- Obstetrician: Medical professional who treats women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum.
- Occupational Medicine Physician: They diagnose and treat patients who have work-related injuries or diseases.
- Ophthalmologist: He/she treats patients with eye injuries, defects or diseases.
- Orthopaedic Surgeon: Surgeons who preserve and restore the functioning of the musculoskeletal system.
- Oncologist: Medical professionals who treat cancer and issues associated with it.
- Pathologist: A physician who studies body fluids and tissues, helps the primary care doctor make a diagnosis about a patient.
- Pediatrician: They deal with physical, behavioural and mental health issues of children.
- Periodontist: Physicians who treat patients suffering from issues of the gums and bones surrounding the jaw.
- Physiologist/General Physician: Physicians conduct primary examination of patients, take medical histories, interpret diagnostic tests and prescribe medications to patients.
- Plastic Surgeon: Doctor who restores, reconstructs, corrects or improves the shape and appearance of body structures.
- Podiatrist: Physicians who provide medical and surgical treatment for the foot.
- Psychiatrist: Doctors who treat patients suffering from mental health disorders.
- Pulmonary Medicine Physician: They diagnose and treat patients with lung disorders.
- Rheumatologist: He/she treats rheumatic diseases i.e.conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness and stiffness of muscles and joints.
- Respiratory Therapist: They assess and treat patients with both acute and chronic dysfunction of the cardiopulmonary system.
- Surgeon: Depending on one’s specialisation, a surgeon performs operation based on the diagnosis made. They also determine the postoperative surgical care and treatment for a patient.
- Urologist: They deal with problems pertaining to urinary tract of patients. They also tend to the issues related to the male reproductive system.
Roles & Responsibilities
Certain duties attached to this field are:- Monitor and care for patients in hospitals and clinics.
- Investigate, diagnose and treat patients.
- Prescribe and review patients’ medication.
- Work with other doctors and healthcare professionals to provide holistic treatment to patients.
- Review patient progress to alter or change treatment plan.
- Teach and supervise trainee doctors.
- Educate people about preventive measures to improve one’s standard of health.
- Contribute to the field by conducting research and publish findings.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field:- Strong theoretical background.
- Compassionate and empathetic approach.
- Dedicated and committed towards provide service to people.
- Ability to handle stress well.
- Attention to detail and effective problem solving skills.
- React quickly and effectively in emergency situations.
- Need to have stamina to handle long working hours.
- Confident and resilient.
- Good communication and interpersonal skills.
How to get there
MBBS ((Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery)- Pass Class XIIth (Science stream – PCB), Minimum marks- 50%.
- Clear NEET-UG (National Eligibility Entrance Test-Undergraduate)
- Eligibility: Minimum age 17 years
- Course duration: 5.5 years
- Admission Process: Entrance test marks and board examination marks are combined to create a merit list.
MD– Masters in general medicine/MS– Masters in general surgery/ DNB– Post graduate Diplomate of National Board
- After completing MBBS, one has to appear for an entrance exam known as the NEET-PG.
- NEET-PG is a single eligibility cum entrance examination namely ‘National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test for admission to Postgraduate Medical Courses’
- Following are some of the renowned medical institutions that are not covered by centralized admissions for MD/MS seats through NEET-PG: AIIMS, New Delhi; PGIMER, Chandigarh; SGPGIMS, Lucknow; JIPMER, Puducherry; NIMHANS, Bengaluru; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum.
- Degree courses are of 3 years duration while diploma courses are of 2 years duration.
- Following post-graduation, students can opt for further super-specialization in their area of interest by opting for courses called DM or DNB (Doctorate of Medicine), or MCh or DNB (Master of Chirurgery/Surgery) again for a duration of three years.
Fitness Trainer
Overview
Fitness trainers are professionals who assist people in establishing an exercise routine, help them to do specific kinds of exercises and look after the overall fitness of their clients. They teach and monitor individuals during a workout session. They train and instruct people to do different kinds of exercises such as gyming, pilates, yoga, zumba spinning etc. They may choose to hold private lessons or can be associated with fitness centers. They can take group sessions or be employed as private trainers. They need to have certain degree of knowledge about the human anatomy and its functioning. People all over the world are becoming more and more aware of the importance of being physically and mentally fit. They are aspiring to make exercise a part of their daily routine. A fitness trainer provides his/her professional services to assist people in setting realistic goals regarding their fitness and help in achieving them.Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are:- Aerobics Instructor: They design aerobic fitness training programmes for private clients as well as for group classes. They instruct clients on aerobic exercises and monitor their progress.
- Sports Instructor: They coach individuals in a particular sport. They teach different techniques, monitor progress of players and provide guidance to improve performance.
- Fitness Instructor: They conduct workout sessions and teach different kinds of exercise such as such as pilates, zumba, weight training, cardio etc.
- Clinical Exercise Specialist: They work specifically with patients who have sustained physical injuries and help them to improve functionality and overall fitness levels.
- Personal Trainer: They work with clients on one-on-one basis to set realistic fitness goals and help them achieve it.
Roles and Responsibilities
Certain duties attached to this field are:- Plan a workout session in advance keeping in mind the clientele.
- Inform and educate clients on the benefits of a particular exercise or routine.
- Demonstrate exercises to teach people the right way of doing them.
- Closely monitor individuals during a class.
- Correct and assist clients to perform an exercise in the right manner.
- Provide feedback to help motivate clients to improve their performance.
- Customise routine based on the fitness needs of the clients.
- Clarify customer doubts and address any complaints pertaining to services provided.
- Ensure the upkeep and maintenance of fitness equipment and tools.
- Develop workout and health promotion programs for communities.
Desired Attributes
Given below are some of the desired qualities for professionals in this field:- Passion and hunger to keep learning.
- Be patient in dealing with clients.
- Good communication and interpersonal skills.
- Level of stamina and fitness needs to be excellent.
- Ability to motivate clients to keep on improving and not give up.
- Well trained in different forms of exercises.
How to get there
Path 1:- HSC (10+2) in any stream (sports participation essential)
- Bachelor’s in Physical Education
- Postgraduate diploma in fitness
- HSC (10+2) in any stream (sports participation essential)
- Graduation in Human anatomy (sports/health education)
- Masters in Physical Education
- HSC (10+2) in any stream (sports participation essential)
- Pursue B.P.E/ B.P.Ed integrated course for 3-4 years
- Masters in Physical Education
Alternative Medicine
Overview
Alternative medicine is a broad domain that encompasses alternate health systems along with their modalities, practices and accompanying theories and beliefs. These fall outside the realm of conventional medicine. However, we must keep in mind what is considered complementary or alternative practice in one country may be considered conventional medical practice in another. Alternative medicine can be used alongside standard medical care. An example is using acupuncture to help with the side effects of cancer treatment. In some cases, it can also replace standard medical care. Treating heart disease with chelation therapy (which seeks to remove excess metals from the blood) instead of using a standard approach of surgery is one such example. Many people utilize mainstream medicine for diagnosis and treatment, while turning to alternative medicine for health-enhancing measures.- Aromatherapy: It is a holistic healing treatment that uses natural plant extracts medically to improve physical and emotional health.
- Ayurveda: It is one of the oldest holistic healing systems in the world which originated in India. It’s based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body and spirit.
- Naturopathy:It is a system of treatment which recognizes the existence of the vital curative force within the body. Hence, it promotes the idea that diseases can be successfully treated and prevented by making dietary & lifestyle changes, reducing stress, exercise etc.
- Homeopathy: It is a holistic mode of treatment which uses specially prepared, highly diluted substances as medicines in order to trigger the body’s own healing mechanisms. Medicines are prescribed according to the patient’s specific set of symptoms and taking into account their overall level of health.
- Acupressure: In this form of treatment, the practitioners use their fingers, palms, elbows, feet as well as special devices to apply pressure on the body’s acupoints or meridians to treat an ailment.
- Acupuncture:It is a form of treatment that involves inserting very thin needles through a person’s skin at specific points on the body, at varying depths in order to restore the energy balance in the body.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are:- Chiropractor
- Osteopathic physician
- Massage therapist
- Chelation therapist
- Acupuncturist
- Aromatherapist
- Acupressurist
- Reiki instructor
Roles & Responsibilities
Duties in the field depend upon one’s area of specialisation. Some of them are as follows:- Educating patients regarding their illness and the proposed treatment.
- Collaborating with other medical professionals to devise and execute a holistic treatment plan for the patient.
- Taking regular appointments with patients and maintaining a record for the same.
- Monitoring and reviewing the progress made by patients.
- Introducing the latest techniques and treatments into patient’s treatment plan.
- Provide guidance to clients on nutrition, diet, exercise and overall well being.
- Motivate patients to work towards achieving better health.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field:- Compassionate and empathetic towards one’s patients.
- Good communication skills to be able to establish rapport and explain things in a simple manner to patients.
- Passion for working with and helping people heal.
- Need to be detail oriented in executing various therapies.
- Ability to adapt and take important decisions quickly.
- Strong emotional stability to deal with stressful situations that may arise at work.
- Openness to learn non-conventional ways of treatment.
- Willingness to continue learning and refine one’s skill set with the evolution of the field.
How to get there
| Eligibility Criteria | |
|---|---|
| Education | 10+2 in the Science stream |
| Minimum Score | 45% (40% for SC/ST/OBC candidates) at the 10+2 level |
| Subjects Required | Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Biology |
| Course Duration | 3-4 Years |
| Entrance exam | Common Entrance Test (CET) or National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) |
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